The Creature from Jekyll Island, by G. Edward Griffin (Audio)
The secret meeting on Jekyll Island in Georgia at which the Federal Reserve was conceived; the birth of a banking cartel to protect its members from competition; the strategy of how to convince Congress and the public that this cartel was an agency of the United States government.--...were seven men who represented an estimated one-forth of the total wealth of the entire world.

U.S. District Court, 9th Circuit, Ruled the Federal Reserve Bank is a Private Bank; LEWIS vs. U.S. April 19, 1982, Decided.
On July 27, 1979, appellant John Lewis was injured by a vehicle owned and operated by the Los Angeles branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Lewis brought this action in district court alleging jurisdiction under the Federal Tort Claims Act (the Act), 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b). The United States moved to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The district court dismissed, holding that the Federal Reserve Bank is not a federal agency within the meaning of the Act and that the court therefore lacked subject matter jurisdiction. We affirm.
Each Federal Reserve Bank is a separate corporation owned by commercial banks in its region.
Each Bank is statutorily empowered to conduct these activities without day to day direction from the federal government.
For these reasons we hold that the Reserve Banks are not federal agencies for purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act and we affirm the judgment of the district court.

The Continental United States Completed by WWI
General info about statehood dates: 38-Colorado, Aug. 1, 1876; 39-North Dakota, Nov. 2, 1889; 40-South Dakota, Nov. 2, 1889; 41-Montana, Nov. 8, 1889; 42-Washington, Nov. 11, 1889; 43-Idaho, July 3, 1890; 44-Wyoming, July 10, 1890; 45-Utah, Jan. 4, 1896; 46-Oklahoma, Nov. 16, 1907; 47-New Mexico, Jan. 6, 1912; 48-Arizona, Feb. 14, 1912.

WALL STREET GOES FOR BROKE IN 1907
The war that took place on Wall Street which spread economic devastation across the nation during 1907-08, was the direct result of one huge money trust trying to cannibalize its competition. The record shows that the Rockefeller interests of Amalgamated Copper set out to destroy the Heinze combination that owned Union Copper Company. J.P. Morgan joined in to announce that he thought the Knickerbocker Trust Company would be the first Heinze Bank to go.

Amendment XVI - Income Taxes Authorized.
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. Proposed on July 12, 1909, Ratified 2/3/13, this being by New Mexico, the 36th State (on Record) to approve it.

On What Authority Is The Direct Income Tax Based?
However the court ruled in Brushaber v Union Pacific RR, 240 US 1, Jan. 1916 that the 16th Amendment could not authorize a direct tax on income because it contradicts the Constitution which does not allow a direct tax on the income of US Citizens without apportionment. And therefore the "Income Tax Act" of (October 3) 1913 was not authorized by the 16th as previously put forth.

1913 The Individual Income Tax and the Birth of Double Taxation
The Income Tax Act of 1913 incorporated the corporation tax, raised the tax from 1% on the excess over $5,000 to 3%, and imposed an "individual income tax" on people receiving after-tax corporation income. Thus the income was taxed twice.

"THE FED" This is a long download due to many graphics. ('Notes' comparison below)
The Federal Reserve Act became law the day before Christmas Eve in the year 1913 (12/23/13). And shortly afterwards the German international bankers, Kuhn, Loeb & Co., sent one of their partners here to run it.

The Federal Reserve System
Between 1863 and 1914, the United States saw a series of banking panics - in 1873, 1884, 1890, 1893, and 1907. It was the last panic - occurring in a time of general prosperity - that led to the creation of the Federal Reserve. When the 12 Federal Reserve Banks opened on November 16, 1914, none had permanent quarters. In most of the Banks a clerk or two oversaw the small trickle of business.

UWSA FEDERAL RESERVE ACCOUNTABILITY NATIONAL TASK FORCE
Who actually owns the Federal Reserve Central Banks? The ownership of the 12 Central Banks, (listed below, A-L) a very well kept secret, has been revealed (Countries: England, Germany, U.S.A., France, Italy, Netherlands):
Rothschild Bank of London (Allies)
Warburg Bank of Hamburg
Rothschild Bank of Berlin
Lehman Brothers of New York (Allies)
Lazard Brothers of Paris (Allies)
Kuhn Loeb Bank of New York
Israel Moses Seif Banks of Italy (Allies)
Goldman, Sachs of New York (Allies)
Chase Manhattan Bank of New York (Allies)
Warburg Bank of Amsterdam (Neutral)

The individuals, listed below, owned banks, which in turn, owned shares in the FED.
William Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, and more. In 1913, a Senator, Nelson Aldrich, maternal grandfather of the Rockefellers, pushed the Federal Reserve Act, through Congress, just before Christmas, when much of Congress was on vacation.

THE US IN WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
II.D.Alliance System - completed by 1907; 3. Von Schlieffen Plan - 1906; a. German plan to fight and win a two front war against France and Russia. (Allies)
F. Immediate Cause of WWI - Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (6/28/14).
Franz Joseph I got blank check from Germany to punish Serbia by taking it over.
Russian mobilization - set the Von Schlieffen plan in motion. (7/29/14)
Official start of WWI - led Germany to attack Belgium to get to France - (8/4/14).
V.Q. April 6 - Wilson signs Declaration of War into law (4/6/17).
US had economic interest in the outcome.
VII.D. - armistice (Germany expected it to be based on the 14 points) (11/11/18)

The Great War: Ten Years Later
Allies: Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, U.S., Japan, Romania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria
The United States has now entered the Great War!! On April 6 congress voted to declare war on the side of the Allies. President Wilson appeared before congress on April 2, and stated, "The world must be made safe for democracy." He then asked congress to declare war on Germany. Congress responded with a declaration of war last Friday.

Netherlands
The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I but suffered a brutal invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II.

Amendment XVIII - Liquor Abolished. Ratified 1/16/1919.
Proposed 12/18/17 and ratified only 2 months after the end of the WWI to keep eyes off the government & FED with the building up of illegal funds.

Amendment XXI - Repeal of Liquor Abolished. Ratified 12/5/1933.
Proposed 2/20/33 and ratified only 9.5 months after it was proposed. After the imposed depression by the FED there would need to be some recovery till WWII came about.

U.S.A. The Republic How You Lost It! How You May Get It Back!

FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL NULL AND VOID BY THE COURT
That said Federal Reserve Notes do not conform to Title 12, United States Code, Sections 411 and 418. Title 31 USC, Section 462 (392), insofar as it attempts to make Federal Reserve Notes and circulating Notes of Federal Reserve Banks and National Banking Associations a legal tender for all debts, public and private, it is unconstitutional and void, being contrary to Article I, Section 10, of the Constitution of the United States, which prohibits any State from making anything but gold and silver coin a tender, or impairing the obligation of contracts.

CREATING MONEY IS A TAXING OPERATION THE HISTORY OF UNITED STATES MONEY AND ITS RELATION TO THE DOLLAR
The "Notes" are issued by each of the 12 Federal Reserve banks; each "Note" bears the seal of the bank or issue with the letter of the bank if issue in its center.
"A" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
"B" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of New York
"C" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
"D" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
"E" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
"F" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
"G" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
"H" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
"I" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
"J" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
"K" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
"L" ..... Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

Frequently Asked Questions About United States Paper Currency

The History of U.S. Paper Money

Portraits and Designs of U.S. Paper Currency

U.S. Paper Currency Features

Satan's Paper Currency Features
The Meanings of the Symbols On the One Dollar Bill-Truth!
Understanding the Design and Symbolism of the U.S. One Dollar Bill
ANNUIT COEPTIS NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM meaning 'the new series of ages is favorable to our undertakings'

Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency
The six kinds of currency in 1929, colored coded with the colors of their seals and serial numbers, and with the denominations they were issued in series 1928 and 1929 (though not always in those years themselves), were:
United States Notes (Series 1928: $1 $2 $5)
Gold Certificates (Series 1928: $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 $10,000)
National Bank Notes (Series 1929: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100)
Silver Certificates (Series 1928: $1)
Federal Reserve Bank Notes (Series 1929: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100)
Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1928: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 $10,000)

The three kinds of currency that remained after the Depression were:
United States Notes (Series 1953: $2 $5)
Silver Certificates (Series 1953: $5 $10 -- Series 1957: $1)
Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1950: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100)

And all that remained by 1970 were:
Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1969: $1 $5 $10 $20 $50 $100 -- Series 1976: $2)

"THE FED" This is a long download due to many graphics.
The 'Federal' 'Reserve' made far-more-capable foes of our eventual enemies in the second World War — financing the German military buildup under Hitler, and paying the debts of the Japanese military to German munitions makers with the very reserve of gold it stole from the American People.

Former Federal Reserve Note

Federal Reserve Note prior to removal of gold to foreign principals of the Federal Reserve Banks. The inscription 'AND IS REDEEMABLE IN LAWFUL MONEY AT THE UNITED STATES TREASURY, OR AT ANY FEDERAL RESERVE BANK' refers to legal obligations originating in the terms by which the Federal Reserve was created — under which all such notes were put into circulation.
'Lawful money' is still defined by the Constitution as so many grains of gold or silver. A constitutional amendment is required to change the legal definition of the dollar.
From the very first... false promises or outright lies. We could finance all future commerce; print these bills endlessly; and redeem them in lawful currency? For the mere fact there are finite quantities of monetary gold and silver, the answer is 'absolutely NEVER.'
From the very onset, the Federal Reserve Act made upholding our Constitutional monetary standard mathematically impossible.

Current Federal Reserve Note

Federal Reserve Note after removal of gold to foreign principals of the Federal Reserve Banks — simply stripped of its obligation to redeem ANY such notes according to their terms of issuance.

Former Federal Reserve Note

Federal Reserve Note prior to removal of gold to foreign principals of the Federal Reserve Banks. Note plainly evidences commitment to pay lawful dollars to the bearer on demand. Lawful dollars were housed in public reserves intended to back paper circulated instead of the lawful dollar — thus purportedly representing the legal dollar. These public reserves were gutted by the 'Federal Reserve' — which is neither a reserve, or a Federal entity. Purposes served in removing our gold reserves to foreign principals included financing military buildup under Hitler, and paying Japanese debts to German munitions makers in the years preceding World War II. Hundreds of billions of dollars worth of gold were devoted to these causes by the 'Federal Reserve'.

Current Federal Reserve Note

Federal Reserve Note after removal of gold to foreign principals of the Federal Reserve Banks.
Notice design implemented yet to retain basic appearance of bill stripped of the obligation to which its issuance committed the Federal Reserve. Note (1) retention of redundant shape formerly housing the stripped phrase, "Will pay to the bearer on demand" — comprising a bill which looked most like the former, despite stripping its promise to pay; (2) mere decor replacing former phrase — making disappearance of promise to pay as subtle as possible; (3) label of portrait dropped into former phrase area as to appear yet as a logical design divided as would not have accommodated the former promise to pay.
Although still called a 'note' — as per its original conditions of issuance — a 'note' is a promise to pay. This 'note' succeeds the former false promise to pay; retains the title, 'note'; and yet is no promise to pay or redeem the 'note' in anything of value.